Algorithm radicalization in social media: how recommendation systems amplify extremist narratives
Online Radicalization

How algorithms push users toward extremism

In October 2023, the Centre for Information Resilience documented how YouTube’s recommendation algorithm systematically guided users from mainstream political content to increasingly extreme ideological material...

⏱ 9 min read
Cognitive Biases and Mental Vulnerabilities

Why we have biases: the energy-saving brain

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In October 2023, researchers at the Oxford Internet Institute documented a cognitive overload campaign targeting European voters during regional elections. The operation flooded...

⏱ 6 min read
National Doctrines and Strategies

Historical evolution of information warfare doctrines

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In February 2022, as Russian forces massed on Ukraine’s border, a parallel offensive was already underway in cyberspace. Analysis by the Stanford Internet...

⏱ 7 min read
Documented Operations

How an operation is attributed to a state actor

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In December 2020, cybersecurity firm FireEye reported discovering one of the most sophisticated attribution operations in recent history: the SolarWinds supply chain attack....

⏱ 6 min read
Case Studies and Analysis

OSINT tools for investigating manipulation campaigns

SITUATION ASSESSMENT: The Information Integrity Crisis In October 2023, researchers at the Stanford Internet Observatory documented a sophisticated manipulation campaign targeting European audiences through coordinated...

⏱ 5 min read
Information Geopolitics

Information as a strategic weapon between nations

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In February 2022, security researchers at the Stanford Internet Observatory documented a coordinated influence operation targeting audiences across 16 countries through a network...

⏱ 6 min read
Deepfakes and Audiovisual Manipulation

History of deepfakes: from Hollywood to AI

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In October 2023, cybersecurity researchers at DarkTrace documented a 3,000% increase in deepfake-enabled social engineering attacks targeting financial institutions over an 18-month period....

⏱ 5 min read
Neuromarketing and Commercial Persuasion

History of neuromarketing: from advertising to neuroscience

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In 2016, Cambridge Analytica harvested Facebook data from 87 million users to build psychological profiles for political advertising. Open-source evidence from the Facebook-Cambridge...

⏱ 6 min read