Conspiracy Theories

Difference between real conspiracies and conspiracy theories

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In March 2022, the Stanford Internet Observatory documented a coordinated inauthentic behavior campaign across multiple platforms targeting European audiences with fabricated evidence of...

⏱ 6 min read
Human Factor in Cybersecurity

Why people are the weakest link in security

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In December 2022, the Stanford Internet Observatory documented a sophisticated multi-platform influence campaign targeting users across Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Telegram. The operation,...

⏱ 6 min read
Cognitive Defense

Why we need cognitive defense in the digital age

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In October 2022, security researchers at Stanford Internet Observatory documented a sophisticated cross-platform influence operation targeting U.S. midterm elections. The operation, later designated...

⏱ 6 min read
Social Media Manipulation

How social media algorithms work

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In October 2021, whistleblower Frances Haugen presented internal Facebook documents to Congress revealing how social media algorithms systematically amplify divisive content to maximize...

⏱ 6 min read
Image about history of psychological warfare
Psychological Warfare (PSYOPS)

History of psychological warfare: from Sun Tzu to NATO

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In March 2022, researchers at the Stanford Internet Observatory documented a coordinated inauthentic behavior network that deployed Ancient Chinese military philosophy alongside modern...

⏱ 6 min read
Propaganda and Influence Operations

Differences between propaganda, persuasion, and manipulation

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In October 2022, researchers at the Stanford Internet Observatory documented a coordinated inauthentic behavior campaign across multiple platforms that exemplified the blurred lines...

⏱ 6 min read
Disinformation and Fake News

History of disinformation: from propaganda to the internet age

SITUATION ASSESSMENT In September 2016, Facebook disclosed that Internet Research Agency (IRA) operatives purchased over 3,000 politically divisive advertisements, reaching an estimated 126 million American...

⏱ 6 min read