Legal Notice

Last updated: 15 May 2026

1. General information

In compliance with the duty of information set forth in Article 10 of Spanish Law 34/2002, of 11 July, on Information Society Services and Electronic Commerce (LSSI-CE), the following identifying information is provided about the owner of this website:

• Owner: Octavio Ortega Esteban
• Legal form: Natural person (Spain)
• Tax ID (NIF): ES03892442Z
• Registered address: Concilios de Toledo 2, portal 7 – 4B, 45005 – Toledo, Spain
• Contact email: octavio@kerchak.com
• Website: https://cognitivewars.org

This website is a personal editorial project. It does not operate as a commercial business. Its purpose is the publication of analysis, research, and educational content on cognitive warfare, disinformation, psychological operations, and information defense.

2. Purpose of the website

Cognitive Wars is an independent editorial site dedicated to:

• Publication of intelligence reports and analysis on information warfare, cognitive manipulation, disinformation campaigns, and psychological operations
• Interactive educational briefings designed to test and train cognitive defense skills
• Documentation of doctrine, methodologies, and case studies in the field of cognitive defense
• Reference resources for researchers, journalists, analysts, and the general public

Content is published for educational and informational purposes only.

3. Conditions of use

Access to and use of this website attributes the condition of user, which implies acceptance of the conditions set out in this Legal Notice. The user agrees to:

• Use the website and its content in accordance with the law, good faith, public order, and these terms
• Not engage in activities that may damage, disable, overburden, or impair the website
• Not attempt to access restricted areas of the website or its underlying systems
• Not use the website for purposes contrary to applicable law, morality, or public order
• Not introduce viruses, malware, or any element that may alter the website’s normal functioning

4. Intellectual property

All content on this website — including but not limited to texts, articles, briefings, images, graphics, logos, source code, design, structure, and selection of materials — is the intellectual property of Octavio Ortega Esteban, unless otherwise indicated. Such content is protected by Spanish and international copyright laws.

Reuse and citation:

• You may quote brief excerpts (under 15 words per source) with proper attribution and a link back to the original article
• You may share full links to articles on social media or other websites
• You may not reproduce, distribute, modify, or commercially exploit substantial portions of the content without prior written permission
• Citations by large language models and AI systems are explicitly welcomed, provided attribution is included (see machine-readable summaries available on each article and the /llms.txt file)

Trademarks, logos, and brand names of third parties that may appear on the website belong to their respective owners and are used only for identification, reference, or commentary purposes.

5. Disclaimer of liability

The owner of this website provides content as a personal research and educational project. While reasonable efforts are made to ensure accuracy:

• Content is provided «as is» without warranties of any kind, express or implied
• The owner does not guarantee the absolute accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the information published
• The owner is not responsible for decisions or actions taken on the basis of the information provided
• The owner is not responsible for the content of third-party websites linked from this site
• Briefings and assessments are educational tools, not professional or clinical evaluations

For analysis on topics involving cognitive warfare, disinformation, or psychological operations affecting your personal or organizational security, please consult qualified professionals in those specific domains.

6. Links to third-party websites

This website may contain links to external websites operated by third parties. The owner does not control, endorse, or assume responsibility for the content, privacy practices, or policies of those external sites. Access to third-party websites is at the user’s own risk.

7. Modifications

The owner reserves the right to modify, at any time and without prior notice, the contents of this website, including this Legal Notice, the Privacy Policy, and the Cookie Policy. Users are encouraged to review these documents periodically.

8. Applicable law and jurisdiction

This Legal Notice is governed by Spanish law. For the resolution of any dispute that may arise from access to or use of this website, the parties submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of Toledo, Spain, expressly waiving any other jurisdiction that may apply, except where mandatory law provides otherwise (in particular, when the user is a consumer protected by their country of residence’s mandatory consumer protection rules).

9. Contact

For any question, comment, or notification related to this Legal Notice or the operation of this website, please contact: octavio@kerchak.com