\n\n

Legal Notice

In compliance with the Spanish Information Society Services Act (Law 34/2002, LSSI-CE), the following information is provided:

Website Owner

Purpose of the Website

CognitiveWars.org is a research-oriented publication focused on cognitive warfare, disinformation analysis, OSINT methodologies, psychological operations, and information defense. We provide intelligence-grade analysis to help professionals and informed citizens understand and counter information threats.

Intellectual Property and License

All content on this website — including but not limited to texts, images, graphics, logos, icons, and software — is the property of Octavio Ortega Esteban or its legitimate licensors and is protected by Spanish and international intellectual property laws.

The written content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). This means you are free to share and adapt the content, provided you give appropriate credit and do not use it for commercial purposes. Derivative works must be distributed under the same or compatible license terms.

AI-Generated Images

The images and illustrations featured on this website have been generated using artificial intelligence tools. These images are used for editorial and decorative purposes and do not represent real people, places, or events unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Limitation of Liability

The content published on cognitivewars.org is for informational and educational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, Octavio Ortega Esteban does not guarantee the completeness, accuracy, or timeliness of the information provided. The owner shall not be held liable for any decisions made based on the content of this website.

This website may contain links to third-party websites. Octavio Ortega Esteban is not responsible for the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third-party sites.

Applicable Law and Jurisdiction

This legal notice is governed by Spanish law. Any disputes arising from the use of this website shall be submitted to the courts and tribunals of Toledo, Spain, unless otherwise required by law.

Modifications

Octavio Ortega Esteban reserves the right to modify this legal notice at any time. Changes will be effective upon publication on this page. Last updated: April 2026.

Join the Watch

Weekly intelligence briefings on cognitive warfare, disinformation, and defense strategies.